The actual Great Feast of Pentecost celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles at the time of Pentecost. Additionally, it remembers the establishment of the Church through the preaching of the Apostles and also the baptism of the thousands who on that day believed in the Gospel message of salvation through Jesus Christ.
After Christ’s Ascension, the Disciples came back to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives. For the following 10 days, they all joined with each other in “prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers” (Acts 1:12-14). Prayer is definitely the essential condition to obtain the Holy Spirit. At a particular point in our way of life we should turn from the cares of this world and turn to God. We should shut ourselves into the upper room of our souls, and pray. While they had been all gathered in prayer the Holy Spirit came upon them in the form of tongues of fire (Acts 2:3).
Just like Easter or Pascha (Passover), Pentecost was a Jewish feast. It originated as the Harvest Festival, as it really is written “Celebrate the Feast of Harvest with the first fruits of the crops you sow in your field. Celebrate the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in your crops from the field” (Exodus 23:16).
Later on, the feast became much more spiritual, commemorating God’s giving of the Law to Moses. Christian Pentecost has maintained both aspects. The descent of the Holy Spirit on the Disciples (Acts 2:3) which engraved the new Law in their hearts is the spiritual part of the great feast. The “3,000 (that) were added to their number that day” (Acts 2:41), as well as the miracles that the early Christians performed, are the very first fruits of Jesus’ new religion.
Based on Tertullian, Christians had been remembering their own Pentecost before the third century. By the time of the fourth century, the celebration lasted for a full week and earned equal status with Easter.
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